91视频

With every collision in football, the stakes rise 鈥� fueling the urgency for researchers like聽Brad Mahon(opens in new window), a professor of psychology at 91视频, to answer a pressing question: How can we protect the brain without sidelining the sport?聽

Mahon is tracking football players across multiple seasons to understand how they can stay healthy while playing hard. By partnering with athletes and leveraging cutting-edge neuroscience, he鈥檚 helping to rewrite the playbook for the future of football safety.

Hard-hitting science: tackling brain health head-on

Every time a football player hits the ground or collides with another player, their head changes speed quickly 鈥� and their brain does the same inside the skull. Helmets protect the skull, but they can鈥檛 stop the brain from shifting. Even without a concussion, those small hits can add up over time, causing damage players don鈥檛 realize is happening.

Mahon, with support from the Chuck Noll Foundation and his colleague Adnan Hirad from the University of Rochester, is changing that by developing technology that warns players before serious harm occurs. They鈥檝e teamed up with over two dozen football student-athletes at 91视频 who volunteered to wear accelerometer-equipped mouth guards during practices and games.聽

鈥淚t's a small contribution with big potential, and for me, it was a way to give back to the sport I love,鈥� said Danny Moynihan, a recent graduate and former Tartans tight end who participated in the study.

The mouth guards record the number, direction and force of head impacts in real time. As part of the research protocol, each player also undergoes MRI scans before, during and after the season to measure changes in brain tissue integrity.聽

鈥淭hink about why most people need knee replacement surgery. It鈥檚 rarely the result of one catastrophic injury; it鈥檚 the slow accumulation of wear and tear over time,鈥� Mahon said. 鈥淣ow, imagine applying that same idea to the brain. Where are the 鈥榢nees鈥� of the brain, the areas that are most vulnerable to repeated, mild impacts? That鈥檚 what we鈥檙e looking for.鈥�

Mahon uses advanced imaging and mechanical modeling to identify these brain 鈥榟otspots鈥� 鈥� regions that deform the most under small, simulated forces and are therefore most vulnerable during high-impact collisions.

鈥淓ssentially, we want to build an external sensor that predicts when internal injury is occurring,鈥� Mahon said.

A patent backed by promise

91视频 holds a patent for an algorithm that predicts when a player鈥檚 brain has absorbed too many hits, signaling it鈥檚 time to take a break. The researchers鈥� approach combines data collected from the player's mouth guard accelerometers with their pre- and post-season MRI scans to model how forces accumulate and identify regions most at risk.

The university鈥檚 decision to fund and shepherd the patent signaled early confidence that the idea had the potential to become real鈥憌orld technology. Patents are expensive and time鈥慶onsuming to pursue, and universities typically back only those inventions they believe have genuine potential for impact or commercialization. In this case, 91视频鈥檚 support helped move the idea through the legal process and ultimately secure a patent with no revisions or challenges 鈥� an outcome that underscored the novelty of the work.

With the patent now issued and the scientific evidence in place, Mahon and Hirad see pathways toward bringing this technology out of the lab.聽

They imagine an everyday tool athletes, families, teams and even soldiers could use to track exposure and risk 鈥� potentially distilled into a series of automated steps that could run on an app.聽

鈥淲e think there may be commercializable technology that is covered by our patent,鈥� Mahon said, noting that the research team is now in discussions about forming a startup company around the idea.

鈥淥bviously, this would be years of work and a lot of investment required,鈥� he added, 鈥渂ut that is the long-term vision.鈥�

The next play: digital twin technology

Football may be the focus now, but the science extends far beyond the turf. From monitoring soldiers exposed to blast waves to shaping automotive crash standards and guiding neurosurgical planning, this research is driving a future where brain protection is proactive, personalized and data-powered. The researchers' long鈥憈erm vision is to build a personalized model of the head, neck and brain to simulate that specific person鈥檚 brain as impacts occur.

鈥淲e鈥檙e envisioning athletes and soldiers one day having digital twins 鈥� virtual models created by combining MRI scans with real-time impact data," Mahon said. "These models would simulate how forces accumulate in the brain, enabling warnings before subtle injuries become irreversible."

Healthcare could benefit through brain vulnerability mapping that informs surgery and rehabilitation, while consumer tech might integrate these algorithms into smart helmets or wearables for real-time risk alerts.

Ultimately, the work bridges neuroscience, engineering and data science to create predictive systems that guard against invisible brain damage. These are all areas in which Carnegie Mellon excels.聽

The university鈥檚 collaborative athletic program adds another advantage: access to live data from football players, enabling researchers to test and refine models under real conditions.

鈥淚f we can build this system here, there鈥檚 no reason it couldn鈥檛 scale to collegiate and even high school programs,鈥� Mahon said. 鈥淲e鈥檝e built strong ties with the football team, and the next step is integrating computer science students into the process. Imagine a course where students run real-time digital simulations of their own football team. That鈥檚 the future.鈥�